By "character" we mean stable individual characteristics of the personality, which are formed and which are in the activity and communication, which determine the typical ways of behavior. Is it possible to change the character?
Among the many properties and traits of character, some are leading, other properties of character are secondary, while they can either harmonize and then speak of the integrity of character, or contrast with the leading traits and properties of character, and then speak of a contradictory character of a person. The character of a successful person
Among the traits and properties of character, along with truthfulness and lying, tact and rudeness and other personality traits that are acquired in the process of socialization of a person, extroversion and introversion are also called, which are considered properties of temperament.
Is there a relationship between temperament and character?
Correlation of character and temperament
In Western psychology, there is a fairly widespread opinion that temperament does not stand out as an independent concept, but is synonymous with the concepts of "personality" and "character."
Other representatives of psychology note that temperament is an innate primary reaction of an individual, and character is a manifestation of a secondary reaction acquired through experience. Emotional racket or forbidden emotions
The third opinion is indicated by I. P. Pavlov, which recognizes temperament as an element of character.
Finally, supporters of the fourth view consider temperament as an innate basis of character, as a dynamic aspect of character and personality. Representatives of this point of view believe that temperament is a cash prerequisite, and character is the final result of the educational process.
Scientists who adhere to this point of view consider temperament to be the core of character, its unchanging part, unlike the character itself, which changes throughout life.
Складність остаточного вирішення питання про співвідношення характеру і темпераменту обумовлена відсутністю чіткого розуміння того, що ж являють собою і темперамент, і характер, які властивості ставляться до того й іншого.
Criteria that determine a person's temperament and character
Properties of character and properties of temperament: 1) both character and temperament do not depend on the content of activity and behavior, that is, it reflects their formal aspect (it is independent of meaning, purpose, motive); 2) characterize the degree of energy (dynamic) tension and the relationship of a person to the world, people, himself, activity; 3) universal and manifested in all spheres of activity and life; 4) and character and temperament are manifested early in childhood; 5) stable over a long period of a person's life; systems and properties of other biological systems; 7) both character and temperament are inherited, that is, innate.
Given that both temperament and character as attributes of a person's personality do not remain neutral in relation to his behavior and activities, it is logical to raise the issue of the relationship between character and temperament. Dossier on temperament
Peculiarities of the relationship between character and temperament
Character is formed taking into account temperament. Since character is an earlier personal property, determined genetically. However, it would be wrong to say that this process is unambiguous. Character is an "ungrateful child": nurtured by temperament, he not only often disobeys it, but even tries to control it. After all, a choleric person does not always give free rein to his emotions.
It also happens that the character forever remains at the service of the temperament, follows it on a leash and is not allowed to play the "first roles". In this case, a person is said to be an immature individual whose intelligence is at the "service" of physiology.
The content of character is determined by two opposite sides of a person's life: his active activity and his complete inactivity. Competing with each other, they find support as personal traits. In this case, individuals with the same temperament can have different sets of traits.
The social environment surrounding a person has a decisive influence on the formation of his character and leaves the properties of temperament unchanged. Character determines the content of behavior and activity, temperament — only their manner, style, dynamics.
All of the above proves the relationship and relationship between a person's character and temperament throughout his life.
Let's also emphasize that the type of temperament is determined by its properties and cannot be evaluated on the "good - bad" scale, while character is a set of personality traits, some of which can be considered negative, others - positive (kindness - anger, reserved - inflammatory).
Therefore, a person's temperament depends on the features of the main nervous processes - their strength, balance and mobility. And although temperament is largely determined by heredity, the conditions of life and upbringing play a significant role in its formation.
It is these factors and, first of all, the system of views (worldview of the family and society) that form a personality. Here it is very important to emphasize: in the formation of a person's character at various stages of his life, self-education is important. The mixture of hereditary and acquired qualities of the psyche creates an endlessly diverse range of human characters.
