After detection and recognition of manipulations, passive or active form of protection is chosen. The Chinese military leader Sun Tzu advises: "If the enemy has better positions, one should not engage in battle with him in this place. If, in addition, the enemy has an advantage in strength, one must wait until his forces are exhausted, and then defeat him will become real...".
Passive protection
As a rule, passive protection is used in two cases: when the object of manipulation does not know how to act, or does not want to spoil the relationship with the manipulator. An important condition for the use of this form of protection is endurance.
The essence of passive protection consists in delaying one's own spontaneous reactions to the manipulator's actions.
All methods of passive defense are designed to reduce the tempo of the attack in order to gain time to analyze the situation. They force the manipulator to reveal his plans or to abandon them. Experience shows that in most cases the manipulator, faced with passive protection, stops using manipulation techniques.
Forms of passive protection. The most effective among them are the following:
- lack of reaction to the manipulator's words ("didn't hear", "didn't pay attention", "didn't notice", etc.);
- tactful, restrained and unexpected silence for the manipulator;
- the game of "stupidity" - "I didn't understand", "I didn't understand", "I didn't understand", etc.;
- formalization of communication, reduction of communication with the manipulator to formal procedures (speak only standard phrases; refer to superiors and the procedures established in the organization; fill out documents for a long time, force the interlocutor to sign each one; give a business card and show that the conversation is over);
- complete or partial ignoring of the manipulator's words;
Techniques for maintaining self-control in situations of passive protection. Self-control is necessary to refrain from spontaneous actions expected by the manipulator. During passive protection, it is important to show restraint, not to rush into a decision.
Specialists consider the main methods of protection against manipulative influence by maintaining self-control: Consideration
- Negative information has the greatest impact through hearing, therefore, in stressful situations, it is necessary to fix attention not on auditory sensations, but on visual ones. In order for examination to be an effective technique, the following recommendations should be followed: examine the opponent's face in as much detail as possible, as if they want to draw his portrait from memory; silently and very attentively look at the interlocutor, without showing signs of hostility or irony; during deliberate pauses in communication, they try to see as many details as possible of the situation around the opponent.
- the opponent's face is examined in as much detail as possible, as if they want to draw his portrait from memory;
- silently and very attentively look at the interlocutor, without showing signs of hostility or irony;
- during deliberate pauses in communication, they try to see as many details as possible of the situation around the opponent.
As a result of the correct silent consideration, the opponent loses the energy of his manipulative influence, and the demonstration of calmness testifies to the strength of the spirit and the wisdom of life.
2. Mastering the position of the observer. It involves assessing the situation as if from above (or from the side).
The following visualization models are very effective: scale transformation (you can mentally reduce the height of a person who causes anger, make him a dwarf, a midget);
adjusting the tonality and brightness (with the help of imagination, you can change the appearance of the interlocutor - from color to black and white);
experimenting with the depth of visual perception (you can replace a three-dimensional picture with a flat, two-dimensional image).
scale transformation (you can mentally reduce the height of a person who causes anger, make him a dwarf, a midget);
adjusting the tonality and brightness (with the help of imagination, you can change the appearance of the interlocutor - from color to black and white);.
experimenting with the depth of visual perception (you can replace a three-dimensional picture with a flat, two-dimensional image).
An effective way to protect against reproaches and accusations can be the technique of "standing higher", that is, "rising" above the opponent, showing sympathy for the manipulator, understanding that aggression may be the result of weakness and imperfection. A benevolent, positive attitude towards the initiator of the manipulation significantly reduces emotional tension and significantly reduces the aggressiveness of his position.
3. The art of pausing.
This skill will help you calm down, concentrate, and find the right answer faster. If the manipulator has suggested something, you should take advantage of the pause and mentally answer the question: "Do I need EXACTLY THIS?"; "Do I need it RIGHT NOW?"; "Do I need this EXACTLY AT THIS PRICE; "Do I EXACTLY need this?".
During the break, it is important to give up the desire to take revenge on the partner, to hurt his dignity. The pause will also help the opponent to take a more balanced position and, perhaps, abandon the intention to manipulate.
Passive defense is most effective when the fight attitude is replaced by a cooperation attitude.
The purpose of active defense is to expose the manipulator and to challenge him to strike back. In practice, active protection is often a logical extension of passive protection. The main phases of active protection are as follows
- 1. Establishing the fact of manipulation. Consists in the analysis of changes in interaction situations, the behavior of the addressee of manipulative influence.
- 2. Assessment of the situation. Factors and circumstances that facilitate or hinder manipulative influence are singled out.
- 3. Awareness of the content of the manipulation. The reasons, motives, goals, forms and methods of manipulative influence are clarified.
- 4. Establishing control over emotions. Resort to techniques of managing one's own emotions.
- 5.Disrupting the pace and rhythm of manipulative influence.Achieved by demonstrative verbal or physical withdrawal from contact.
- 6. Restoration of the power balance of the relationship. They try to block the channels through manipulative influence and the very possibility of a stereotypical automatic reaction to the actions and words of the manipulator, actualizing the ability to speak " no", act without explanations and concessions; emphatically demonstrate independence in behavior, etc.
- 7. Taking and declaring a clear position on an issue that is the subject of manipulation. The opponent is not given the opportunity to choose (nominate) an alternative; ignore the facts and arguments that the manipulator provides to confirm their opinions; feign and display anger and impatience.
- 8. Bringing the manipulator out of a state of emotional balance. The content of this phase of active defense is to transfer the point of criticism of the opponent's arguments to his person; uttering mockery, accusations, reproaches; the use of incorrect arguments against the opponent, etc. In this way, the opponent is brought to a state of irritation, a sharp violation of mental balance.
- 9. Provocation of the manipulator to "self-disclosure", i.e. voicing the purpose of the manipulation. An effective means of provocation is the use of the "broken record technique": in response to strengthening psychological pressure, the addressee formulates and repeatedly repeats during the dialogue a short phrase that contains an important message to the attacker or manipulator. The technique is also known as the "British sergeant's rule," which goes like this: "First tell them exactly what you're going to tell them. Then tell them exactly what you told them. Then maybe they'll hear you."
Powerful means of active protection, capable of destabilizing the manipulator - constant emphasis on the "weaknesses" of his declarations;
demanding a clear answer to a direct question: "What do you specifically want?", "What do you want from me?".
- 10. Disclosure of the fact of manipulation and disclosure of its essence.At this stage of protection, it is important to disclose the purpose, method, purpose, features of application and possible consequences of manipulative influence and offer the manipulator a convenient and safe model of his behavior in order to block further attempts at psychological pressure.
- 11.Countermanipulation.It uses almost the entire arsenal of forms, methods and techniques of manipulation in the conditions created by the manipulative action of the subject of the attack. This most powerful defense is resorted to if the manipulator does not stop the psychological pressure after being exposed. In the process of counter-manipulation, it is advisable to use various techniques and methods; quickly change tactics; more often to use the manipulative weapon he is best at.
So, in the art of self-defense against manipulation, there are not and cannot be ready-made (unique) recipes. People, regardless of who is the subject of manipulation and who is the object, differ significantly in mental characteristics and physical development. Therefore, each person can (should) create his own complex of techniques and methods of self-defense, which, by the way, cannot be universal. When forming your own protection model, you should not blindly copy what others do or recommend: it should be created on the basis of knowledge about yourself, your own skills, abilities, experience and potential.
